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hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis - translation to ρωσικά
.svg?width=200 "HPG regulation in males, with the inhibin/activin system playing a similar role on GnRH-producing cells.")
общая лексика
гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковая система
гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковая ось
![Negative feedback in the [[HPA axis]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ACTH Negative Feedback.svg?width=200 "Negative feedback in the [[HPA axis]]")
![under the microscope]], showing its different layers. From the surface to the center: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, medulla. In the medulla, the central adrenomedullary vein is visible.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Adrenal cortex labelled.jpg?width=200 "under the microscope]], showing its different layers. From the surface to the center: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, medulla. In the medulla, the central adrenomedullary vein is visible.")
![file description page in Wikimedia Commons.]]</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Incidences and prognoses of adrenal tumors.png?width=200 "file description page in Wikimedia Commons.]]</ref>")
![Characteristic skin [[hyperpigmentation]] in [[Addison's disease]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/T. Addison; On...supra-renal capsules Wellcome L0018484.jpg?width=200 "Characteristic skin [[hyperpigmentation]] in [[Addison's disease]]")
общая лексика
надпочечник
![[[Sagittal]] section of the pituitary gland, showing the infundibulum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gray1180.png?width=200 "[[Sagittal]] section of the pituitary gland, showing the infundibulum")
медицина
гипоталамно-гипофизарный путь
Ορισμός
Βικιπαίδεια
The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian/testicular axis) refers to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonadal glands as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity. Because these glands often act in concert, physiologists and endocrinologists find it convenient and descriptive to speak of them as a single system.
The HPG axis plays a critical part in the development and regulation of a number of the body's systems, such as the reproductive and immune systems. Fluctuations in this axis cause changes in the hormones produced by each gland and have various local and systemic effects on the body.
The axis controls development, reproduction, and aging in animals. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the hypothalamus by GnRH-expressing neurons. The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone.
In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females. Many egg-yolk and chorionic proteins are synthesized heterologously in the liver, which are necessary for ovocyte growth and development. Examples of such necessary liver proteins are vitellogenin and choriogenin.
The HPA, HPG, and HPT axes are three pathways in which the hypothalamus and pituitary direct neuroendocrine function.
